Free html5 css boilerplate template4/7/2024 ![]() ![]() UTF-8 covers a wide range of characters, including the many characters of languages across the globe, and also lots of useful symbols. This often happens because the browser can’t find the intended character in the character set that’s been specified in the document. You’ve probably come across weird characters on the Web - such as � - that were obviously a mistake. ![]() This encoding covers a wide range of characters not included in other encodings. In nearly all cases, utf-8 is the value you should in your documents. The character encoding example above uses the UTF-8 character set. ![]() Why use UTF-8 character encoding in HTML5 templates? It should also appear before any content-based elements (like the element that appears later in our example). Note: to ensure that certain older browsers read the character encoding correctly, the entire character encoding declaration must be included somewhere within the first 512 characters of your document. Indicating the character encoding is an optional feature and won’t cause any warnings in validators, but it’s recommended for most HTML pages: So it’s useful to tell your computer which encoding your web page should refer to. The letters and symbols that we read on a web page are defined for computers as a series of numbers, and some characters (such as letters) are encoded in multiple ways. The first line inside the section of an HTML document is the one that defines the character encoding for the document. (You can find a comprehensive list of language codes on Wikipedia.) HTML Document Character Encoding There are values for all other spoken languages, such as fr for French, de for German, hi for Hindi, and so on. ![]() The lang attribute shown above has a value of en, which specifies that the document is written in English. (This attribute isn’t required for a page to validate, but you’ll get a warning from most validators if you don’t include it.) Its main purpose is to tell assistive technologies such as screen readers how to pronounce the words when read aloud. The element ideally includes the lang attribute, as shown in the code above ( ). The code below shows the element, which follows the doctype declaration and includes the and elements: Everything else in the web page file will be placed either in the element or inside the element. The element is divided into two parts - the and sections. The element is the top-level element in an HTML file - meaning that it contains everything in the document other than the doctype. In fact, you can use one of the older doctypes with new HTML5 elements on a page and the page will render the same as it would if you used the new doctype. It’s really up to the browser to determine feature support on a case-by-case basis, regardless of the doctype used. In other words, the doctype alone isn’t going to make your pages compliant with modern HTML features. There’s never going to be an “HTML6”, so it’s common to refer to the current state of web markup as simply “HTML”.īecause browsers are required to support older content on the Web, there’s no reliance on the doctype to tell browsers which features should be supported in a given document. Although the current iteration of web markup is known as “HTML5”, it really is just an evolution of previous HTML standards - and future specifications will simply be a development of what we have today. You’ll notice that the “5” is conspicuously missing from the declaration. The doctype can be written in uppercase, lowercase, or mixed case. A boilerplate is a template that you break out each time you start a project, saving you from having to start from scratch. Rather than write the same code over and over, it’s a good idea to create your own “boilerplate”.
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